Landcare and Livelihoods: The Promotion and Adoption of Conservation Farming Systems in the Philippine Uplands

Slow adoption of conservation farming systems in the Philippine uplands is a major problem. To address this, the landcare approach, based on community landcare groups, is being piloted in several locations. The results of a study to evaluate the impact of the Landcare Program in Barangay Ned in Southern Mindanao are presented. The sustainable rural livelihoods approach was used as a framework for the evaluation. The study focused on two impacts, the adoption of conservation practices and the formation and development of landcare groups, drawing on four data sources—project reports, key informants, a questionnaire survey, and case studies of landcare groups. The Ned Landcare Program has been associated with rapid adoption of conservation farming practices and the rapid formation of landcare groups linked in an association. The main effect of the Program was to enhance human capital through practical, farmer-led training and extension, enabling farmers to incorporate soil conservation and agroforestry technologies in their farming systems, with desirable outcomes for livelihood security and environmental sustainability. The social capital formed, especially through the landcare association, was crucial to these outcomes. Ongoing partnerships with adequately resourced facilitating agencies were required to maintain the Landcare Program in the long term.     

Gliricidia sepium Carbon Inputs and Soil Carbon Pools in a Costa Rican Alley Cropping System

Alternative land management practices, including agroforestry, help to maintain levels of soil organic matter (SOM) and can facilitate soil carbon (C) sequestration for mitigating atmospheric CO₂ emissions. This study quantified C inputs and determined the changes of the soil C pool in a 19-year-old Gliricidia sepium alley cropping system, studied at two fertiliser levels (tree prunings only [? N], and tree prunings plus chicken manure [+ N]), and was compared to a sole crop system. Carbon input from tree prunings ranged from 455 to 457 g C m^{? 2} y^{? 1}, whereas C inputs from crop residues were similar between alley- and sole crops ranging from 121 to 159 g C m^{? 2}y^{? 1}. The soil organic C (SOC) pool in the alley crop was 16–23% higher than the sole crop. In the 19th year of alley farming, SOC was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the alley crop (3.2%) compared to the sole crop (2.4%), and was also greater compared to that at the time of establishment of the agroforestry system (2.8%). Gross SOC turnover to a 20-cm depth ranged from 12 to 14 years in the + N and ?N alley crops compared to 49 and 50 years in the + N and ?N treatments for the sole crops. Residue stabilisation efficiency in the alley crops was 39% and 55% in + N and ?N treatments respectively.     

外墙饰面砖返碱防治方法

传统的外墙饰面砖施工方法是用水泥浆黏结和填缝,由于材料、施工等因素的影响,瓷砖出现返碱现象,极大地破坏了建筑装饰效果。文章分析了瓷砖返碱的成因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

大面积垃圾填埋区深基坑工程施工与设计特点

青岛北客站交通枢纽选址为青岛老填海垃圾填埋场,对老垃圾填埋场占地从新利用,进行地下工程建设,国内尚属首例。其基坑开挖部分包括2~3m的建筑垃圾和2~12m的生活垃圾,在垃圾土环境中进行基坑开挖,其设计和施工应考虑垃圾土的影响。     

关于特长公路的隧道施工分析

介绍了石牙山隧道的工程概况、工程特点、施工方法以及具体施工过程中通风、用电、防排水和该隧道的施工方案。隧道施工密切结合新奥法—复合衬砌施工精髓进行。     

浅谈公路路基填筑技术

本文就公路路基填筑技术进行简单介绍,探讨在填筑准备阶段的技术管理。分析了软土地基处理技术以及强夯法处理湿陷性路基技术。     

高速公路不良土质路基填料施工研究——以洞新高速公路为例

本文作者通过洞新高速公路第三合同段的不良土质路基填料的研究,结合实际情况,从质量与效益综合考虑,采取有效措施,解决此类不良土质在用于路基施工时难以压实、不能满足强度要求的难题。     

软土地基上高速公路路基扩建加宽中的关键问题研究

高速公路路基扩建加宽问题是现阶段高速公路建设过程中面临的重要问题之一。本文主要分析软土地基上高速公路路基扩建加宽中涉及的关键问题。     

哈尔滨市北郊菜地土壤重金属污染研究

以哈尔滨市北郊菜地土壤为研究对象,经过野外调查和室内分析对土壤的理化性质,重金属的含量及空间分异性以及土壤理化性质与土壤重金属之间的相关性进行研究;采用单因子和综合因子指数法对土壤中重金属的污染现状进行评价;结果表明,哈尔滨市北郊菜地土壤重金属污染的主要贡献因子是Cd;哈尔滨市北郊菜地土壤为轻污染;土壤对Cr,Cd和Ni的吸附容量取决于土壤颗粒的组成状况;Cu,Zn,Ni和Cr和土壤理化性质间存在相关性;重金属元素间存在相关性,说明它们的来源可能相同;造成这一结果的原因是受人类活动的影响。